Which device is classified as a passive component that performs both optical splitting and combining?

The correct answer is the optical splitter. An optical splitter is a passive optical component that is designed to divide an optical signal into multiple output signals, effectively enabling the distribution of the original signal to multiple destinations. This is particularly useful in fiber-optic networks where a single fiber strand can be used to feed multiple endpoints, such as in a passive optical network (PON).

In addition to splitting signals, optical splitters can also be used to combine multiple signals into one, depending on the application. This dual functionality makes optical splitters crucial in the design and operation of various fiber-optic systems.

While other devices mentioned have specific functions, they do not fit the description of a passive component performing both splitting and combining. For example, an optical coupler generally refers to a device that joins fibers but is distinct from a splitter. Optical amplifiers actively boost the signal and require power, thus not passive components, and optical transceivers are active devices that both transmit and receive signals, emphasizing active rather than passive characteristics.